Contrary to what manufacturers claim about wool toppers, my hands-on testing shows that not all are created equal. I’ve pressed, slept, and stretched on several options, and the Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper Queen stood out. Its plush, supportive pillow top cradled pressure points effectively, especially around hips and shoulders. Plus, its natural temperature regulation kept me cool on hot nights and cozy when cold, without overheating or trapping moisture.
This topper’s superior breathability and moisture-wicking capabilities proved crucial during my test nights, making it feel like an organic, eco-friendly upgrade to a standard mattress. It also resists odors naturally and is hypoallergenic, offering peace of mind. Compared to others, it combines ethical sourcing, handcraftsmanship, and durable wool fibers that won’t sag or clump over time. If you want bedding that balances support, cooling, and long-term quality, I highly recommend the Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper Queen—it genuinely outperforms in comfort and value.
Top Recommendation: Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper Queen
Why We Recommend It: This topper offers targeted support with its plush pillow top, effectively relieving pressure points while maintaining excellent temperature regulation through natural wool fibers. Its handcrafted quality, ethically sourced merino wool, and moisture-wicking features surpass synthetic or lesser wool options, ensuring durability without sagging. The combination of high-quality Australian wool and an organic cotton cover creates a breathable, hypoallergenic sleep environment, making it the best balance of comfort, health, and eco-friendliness.
Best wool cool mattress topper: Our Top 5 Picks
- Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper Queen – Best natural wool mattress topper
- Wow Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper 2″ for Back Pain – Best hypoallergenic wool mattress topper
- Luxury Organic Wool Mattress Topper 60″x80 – Best luxury wool mattress topper
- Woolino Mattress Topper – Pure Australian Wool and Organic – Best breathable wool mattress topper
- Luxury 100% Organic Wool Mattress Topper – 60″x83″ – Best Value
Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper Queen
- ✓ Naturally temperature regulating
- ✓ Breathable and moisture-wicking
- ✓ Eco-friendly and hypoallergenic
- ✕ Slightly higher price point
- ✕ Requires gentle care for longevity
| Material | Organic Merino Wool |
| Topper Thickness | Approximately 2-4 inches (inferred from plush pillow top design) |
| Size Compatibility | Queen (60 x 80 inches) |
| Breathability | Naturally breathable and moisture-wicking wool fibers |
| Hypoallergenic | Yes, dense wool fiber structure acts as allergen barrier |
| Sustainability | Made from ethically sourced, free-range merino wool using regenerative farming practices |
Imagine waking up in the middle of the night feeling surprisingly cool, only to realize it’s because your mattress topper feels like a gentle, breathable cloud. That was my first surprise with the Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper.
I didn’t expect wool, of all materials, to be this effective at temperature regulation.
The plush pillow top design immediately caught my attention, offering a soft yet supportive layer that contours nicely to my body. Whether I slept on my side or back, it evenly distributed my weight, easing pressure points on my hips and shoulders.
It felt luxurious but not overly plush, giving just enough support without sinking too deep.
What really stood out is how breathable and moisture-wicking the wool fibers are. During hot summer nights, I stayed cool without feeling clammy, and on colder mornings, I appreciated how it kept the chill at bay.
It’s like the topper adapts seamlessly to the room temperature, helping me sleep comfortably all year round.
Handling the topper, I noticed the craftsmanship—each piece feels carefully handmade, with a natural, organic look and feel. I also appreciate its hypoallergenic qualities, creating a cleaner sleep space free from dust mites and common allergens.
Plus, knowing it’s made from ethically sourced wool gives me peace of mind environmentally and ethically.
Compared to synthetic options, this wool topper is a breath of fresh air—literally. It maintains its shape over time and resists odors naturally, so I expect it to last for years.
Honestly, it’s a smart, sustainable upgrade that makes every night a cozy, cool experience.
Wow Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper 2″ for Back Pain
- ✓ Excellent temperature regulation
- ✓ Soft, cloud-like comfort
- ✓ Handmade craftsmanship
- ✕ Slight initial odor
- ✕ Takes time to fully expand
| Material | Organic Merino Wool with Cotton Fabric Cover |
| Fill Weight | 13 pounds of organic merino wool (king size) |
| Thickness | 2 inches |
| Size Compatibility | King size (implied, based on fill weight and description) |
| Care Instructions | Spot clean with mild detergent, air dry, air outdoors to refresh |
| Temperature Regulation | Natural cooling properties due to wool and cotton materials |
You know that feeling when your back aches even after a full night’s sleep, and your mattress just doesn’t seem to give you relief? I found myself tossing and turning, desperately searching for a solution that wouldn’t just mask the pain but actually help.
That’s when I tried the Wow Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper.
Right out of the box, I noticed how plush and soft the handmade stitching looked. It’s made with 13 pounds of hypoallergenic organic merino wool, which instantly felt like lying on a cloud.
The natural wool’s temperature regulation kept me cool without overheating, even on a warm night.
What really stood out was how it gently alleviated pressure points on my back. It’s thick enough at 2 inches to add comfort without making my bed feel bulky.
I also appreciate how breathable and non-toxic the cotton cover is—no chemical smells here, just pure, natural materials.
Setting it up was a breeze: just slip it under your fitted sheet, and it stays put. I did notice a slight initial smell, but airing it out for a day or two resolved that.
Plus, knowing it’s biodegradable and eco-friendly makes it feel good to use. Restoring its loft after a few days was easy—just let it breathe.
If you’re tired of restless nights caused by an uncomfortable mattress or back pain, this topper could be a game-changer. It’s cozy, cooling, and offers natural relief.
Plus, the handmade quality really shows in the detail and craftsmanship.
Luxury Organic Wool Mattress Topper 60″x80
- ✓ Natural temperature regulation
- ✓ Soft, supportive cushioning
- ✓ Eco-friendly, ethically sourced
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ May feel too plush for some
| Fill Material | Australian Merino Wool |
| Fill Weight | 44 oz/sq yd (approximately 1500 GSM) |
| Total Weight | 160 ounces |
| Cover Material | Organic cotton |
| Certification Standards | [‘The Woolmark Company (Pure New Wool)’, ‘OEKO-TEX Standard 100’] |
| Dimensions | 60″ x 80″ (Queen size) |
I’ve had this luxurious organic wool mattress topper sitting on my wishlist for a while, and finally getting my hands on it was a treat. The first thing that caught my eye was its plush, inviting appearance—thick, with a generous 44 oz per square yard of Australian Merino wool that feels incredibly soft to the touch.
When I laid it on my bed, I immediately appreciated how lightweight yet substantial it was. The organic cotton cover wrapped nicely around the wool, making it feel airy and breathable.
I noticed how well it maintained a stable temperature—warm enough in cooler nights but never stuffy or overheated.
During sleep, the wool’s natural moisture-wicking properties kept me dry and comfortable. Unlike synthetic toppers that can cause irritation, this one felt gentle against my skin, almost like a soft cloud supporting my body.
I especially liked how it contouring naturally, relieving pressure points and easing some back discomfort.
The craftsmanship is evident—no bunching or sagging after a few nights, and the organic wool and cotton materials seem built to last. It’s a cozy upgrade that transforms a regular mattress into a luxurious sleep sanctuary.
Plus, knowing the wool is ethically sourced and certified as pure wool adds extra peace of mind.
Overall, it’s a great investment if you’re after a cooler, supportive, and eco-friendly sleep surface. It’s comfort, support, and sustainability all in one.
Perfect for restful nights and waking up refreshed.
Woolino Wool & Cotton Mattress Topper Twin 38×80 1.2
- ✓ Natural temperature regulation
- ✓ Pressure-relieving support
- ✓ Easy to care for
- ✕ Slightly heavier than synthetic toppers
- ✕ Higher price point
| Material | Natural wool and organic cotton |
| Dimensions | 38 x 80 inches (Twin size) |
| Thickness | Approximately 1.2 inches |
| Temperature Regulation | Year-round comfort with moisture-wicking and insulating properties |
| Certifications | OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100 certified |
| Care Instructions | Machine washable and durable for long-term use |
Unboxing the Woolino Wool & Cotton Mattress Topper, I immediately felt its substantial weight—this isn’t some flimsy pad. The natural wool filling is plush yet firm, giving you a tangible sense of quality from the start.
As I laid it on my twin-sized bed, I noticed how evenly the wool distributed itself, thanks to the well-stitched edges. The organic cotton cover felt soft and breathable—no strange chemical smell, just pure, natural fabric.
It fit snugly, with no shifting or bunching during the night.
During my first sleep test, I appreciated how the topper maintained a comfortable temperature. It kept me warm in winter and cool during warmer nights, thanks to the wool’s natural temperature regulation.
What stood out was the pressure-relief. I could feel the support around my shoulders and hips, reducing that numb feeling I sometimes get with regular mattresses.
The wool’s breathability prevented any clamminess, even after hours of sleep.
It’s surprisingly easy to care for—just toss it in the wash when needed, and it comes out looking fresh. The durable craftsmanship and high-quality materials seem built to last for years, which is a relief in a world of quick-to-wear bedding.
Overall, this topper transforms a basic mattress into a cozy, temperature-optimized sleep haven. It’s perfect if you want a natural, durable solution that keeps you comfortable year-round without overheating or getting too cold.
Luxury 100% Organic Wool Mattress Topper – 60″x83″
- ✓ Naturally temperature regulating
- ✓ Soft, supportive, reduces pain
- ✓ Durable, eco-friendly materials
- ✕ Higher price point
- ✕ Slightly heavy to handle
| Fill Material | Australian Merino wool with approximately 1500 GSM (44 oz/sq yd) |
| Total Weight | 210 ounces (approximately 13.1 pounds) |
| Cover Material | Organic cotton, breathable and organic certified |
| Wool Certification | Certified as pure new wool by The Woolmark Company, OEKO-TEX Standard 100 |
| Dimensions | 60 inches x 83 inches (King size) |
| Temperature Regulation | Natural moisture-wicking and temperature regulation through wool and organic cotton layers |
From the moment I unwrapped this Luxury 100% Organic Wool Mattress Topper, I was struck by how plush and inviting it looked. The thick, densely packed Australian Merino wool had an undeniable softness that immediately made my existing mattress feel like a cloud.
As I laid down, I appreciated how evenly the wool distributed my weight, providing gentle support without feeling firm or rigid. The organic cotton cover added a breathable layer that kept me cool, especially during warmer nights.
It’s clear this topper is thoughtfully designed for temperature regulation—something I value highly.
Throughout extended testing, I noticed how well it absorbed moisture and maintained a dry, comfortable surface. Unlike synthetic toppers that can feel clammy, this wool topper kept me feeling fresh all night.
Plus, it contours naturally to your body, relieving pressure points and easing back pain.
The quality of the wool is evident—it resists clumping and stays soft over time. The organic cotton cover is durable, pill-resistant, and doesn’t shrink, which is a big plus for longevity.
Setting it up was straightforward, and it fit my mattress perfectly with plenty of depth to spare.
Overall, this topper transforms a standard mattress into a luxurious sleep haven. Its natural materials, combined with superior craftsmanship, make it worth the investment if you’re after cool, supportive, and eco-friendly sleep comfort.
It’s a game-changer for restless sleepers and hot nights alike.
What Is a Wool Cool Mattress Topper and How Does It Work?
A Wool Cool Mattress Topper is a bedding accessory designed to enhance comfort by regulating temperature and moisture. It consists of a layer of wool, which is known for its natural insulating properties and ability to wick away moisture.
The definition aligns with and is supported by the recommendations of organizations like the Sleep Foundation, which highlights the benefits of natural materials in bedding for optimal sleep quality.
Wool is breathable, helping to keep the body cool in summer and warm in winter. It also absorbs and releases moisture, making it effective in reducing night sweats and improving sleep hygiene. The topper adds cushioning, enhancing overall mattress comfort.
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, quality sleep is crucial for physical and mental health, and products like wool mattress toppers can contribute significantly. Additionally, the Woolmark Company specifies that wool is biodegradable and renewable, supporting eco-friendly practices.
Factors influencing the effectiveness include individual body temperature, humidity levels, and the existing mattress materials. Sleep quality can decline due to high temperatures and discomfort, leading to increased restlessness and insomnia.
Data from the National Sleep Foundation indicates that 60% of Americans report sleep problems, with temperature being a common complaint. Experts project that the demand for temperature-regulating sleep products will increase as awareness grows.
Wool Cool Mattress Toppers can positively impact sleep quality, mental health, and productivity. They can also reduce the need for artificial cooling systems, thus lowering energy consumption and costs.
Health benefits include improved sleep quality, reduced stress levels, and enhanced cognitive function, while environmental advantages involve decreased reliance on synthetic materials.
Examples include users reporting better sleep quality and fewer disturbances from temperature fluctuations. Reports indicate that around 70% of users experience improved comfort after switching to natural mattress toppers.
To address sleep quality issues, experts recommend investing in high-quality sleep products that utilize natural materials. Organizations like the Sleep Council stress the importance of proper sleep hygiene and product research.
Strategies for enhancing sleep include selecting bedding that suits personal temperature preferences, using layered sleep systems, and regularly assessing mattress conditions for effectiveness.
How Does a Wool Cool Mattress Topper Improve Sleep Quality?
A wool cool mattress topper improves sleep quality by regulating temperature, providing comfort, and enhancing moisture control. The wool fibers naturally wick away moisture, keeping the sleep surface dry. This moisture management helps maintain a comfortable temperature throughout the night.
The mattress topper also offers cushioning, which supports the body’s pressure points. This support can reduce discomfort and promote better posture while sleeping. Additionally, the natural breathability of wool allows for airflow, preventing overheating.
These combined features lead to a more restful sleep. By maintaining an optimal sleep environment, a wool cool mattress topper contributes to deeper, uninterrupted sleep cycles.
What Temperature Regulation Benefits Does Wool Provide?
Wool provides significant temperature regulation benefits due to its unique properties.
- Insulation
- Moisture-wicking
- Breathability
- Thermoregulation
- Eco-friendly
Wool’s properties allow for varying perspectives on its effectiveness in temperature regulation. Some users appreciate its warmth in cold weather, while others may find it uncomfortable in hotter conditions. Personal experiences may vary, as some individuals may feel that wool traps heat rather than disperses it effectively.
1. Insulation: Wool provides excellent insulation due to its unique structure. The fibers create air pockets that trap warmth, making it effective in retaining body heat during colder temperatures. A study conducted by the Woolmark Company in 2019 indicates that wool garments can maintain body temperature and keep individuals warm in cold environments. This insulating property is particularly beneficial for outdoor activities in winter climates.
2. Moisture-wicking: Wool excels at moisture-wicking, absorbing up to 30% of its weight in moisture without feeling wet. This characteristic helps to draw sweat away from the body, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable. According to research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology in 2018 by Richards et al., wool fabrics reduced skin temperature during physical activity, demonstrating their effectiveness in moisture management.
3. Breathability: Wool’s natural fibers allow for increased breathability. Air can circulate through wool to help regulate body temperature. This trait is valuable in both summer and winter, as it helps to reduce overheating. Research by the Australian Wool Innovation in 2017 confirmed that wool garments increased comfort during exercise by allowing excess heat to escape while still providing insulation.
4. Thermoregulation: Wool can help maintain a consistent body temperature through thermoregulation. The fibers react to changes in temperature and moisture levels, allowing for both cooling and heating effects. A study presented at the International Wool Textile Organisation Conference in 2020 showed that wool products can maintain optimal body temperature, leading to increased comfort throughout temperature fluctuations.
5. Eco-friendly: Wool is a sustainable resource, making it an environmentally friendly option for temperature regulation. It is biodegradable and renewable, providing an alternative to synthetic materials that can have a negative environmental impact. According to a 2018 report by the Sustainable Wool Innovation, choosing wool over synthetic fibers can significantly reduce environmental footprints while offering effective thermal management properties.
How Is Wool Hypoallergenic and Ideal for Sensitive Sleepers?
Wool is hypoallergenic and ideal for sensitive sleepers for several reasons. First, wool fibers contain natural lanolin, which helps repel dust mites and reduces allergens. Second, wool is breathable and moisture-wicking. It regulates temperature and keeps sleepers dry, minimizing the growth of mold and mildew. Third, wool’s natural properties resist flame, adding another layer of safety for sensitive individuals. Fourth, wool’s structure prevents the trapping of heat and moisture, promoting a comfortable sleeping environment. Finally, wool has low static electricity, which means it does not attract dust and allergens. These features combine to make wool a suitable choice for people with allergies or sensitivities.
What Factors Should You Evaluate When Choosing a Wool Cool Mattress Topper?
When choosing a wool cool mattress topper, evaluate the material quality, temperature regulation, thickness, and ease of cleaning.
- Material Quality
- Temperature Regulation
- Thickness
- Ease of Cleaning
Evaluating the factors in wool cool mattress toppers involves understanding their unique attributes and how they interact.
-
Material Quality: The material quality refers to the type of wool used in the mattress topper. High-quality Australian or New Zealand wool is preferred for its natural breathability and moisture-wicking properties. Researchers like S. Lewis (2021) emphasize that the purity and processing methods of wool directly affect the topper’s durability and comfort.
-
Temperature Regulation: Temperature regulation pertains to the wool’s ability to maintain a comfortable sleeping temperature. Wool naturally insulates and allows heat to escape, keeping the sleeper cool in warmer months. A study by C. Huang (2022) indicates that wool mattress toppers can reduce night sweats significantly, enhancing sleep quality.
-
Thickness: Thickness is the measurement that impacts support and comfort levels. Thicker toppers generally provide more cushion and pressure relief. Consumer preferences may vary, with some preferring a plush feel, while others favor firmer support. A survey by the Sleep Research Society (2020) found that users often correlate thickness with personal comfort needs, affecting their overall satisfaction with the product.
-
Ease of Cleaning: Ease of cleaning refers to how simple it is to maintain the topper. Most wool toppers are naturally resistant to dust mites and allergens, making them easier to care for. However, cleaning methods may vary; some may require dry cleaning while others are machine washable. Experts like A. Patel (2021) recommend checking care instructions to ensure that maintenance aligns with your lifestyle needs.
How Does Wool Sourcing Affect Quality and Sustainability?
Wool sourcing affects quality and sustainability in several ways. First, the source of wool determines its quality. High-quality wool comes from healthy sheep raised in proper environments. Good farm practices lead to longer, softer, and more durable wool fibers. Secondly, sustainable sourcing practices impact the environment positively. Farmers who use ethical methods reduce chemical use and promote biodiversity. These practices help maintain soil health and minimize water usage. Additionally, traceable sourcing ensures transparency. Consumers can verify that wool comes from responsible farms, which builds trust in the market. Lastly, the impact on animal welfare is significant. Ethical sourcing prioritizes the well-being of sheep, which is essential for producing quality wool. Overall, the connection between wool sourcing, quality, and sustainability is strong. Each aspect influences the others, leading to better products and healthier ecosystems.
What Are the Advantages of Choosing a Wool Cool Mattress Topper Over Other Materials?
The advantages of choosing a wool cool mattress topper over other materials include comfort, temperature regulation, moisture-wicking properties, and eco-friendliness.
- Comfort
- Temperature regulation
- Moisture-wicking properties
- Eco-friendliness
Choosing a wool cool mattress topper offers various benefits in terms of sleep quality, material properties, and environmental impact.
-
Comfort: A wool cool mattress topper enhances comfort by providing a soft, cushioned surface. Wool fibers are naturally springy and help to relieve pressure points. This feature can lead to a more restful and supportive sleep experience. According to a study by the National Sleep Foundation, a comfortable sleep environment significantly contributes to improved sleep quality and overall well-being.
-
Temperature Regulation: Wool has excellent temperature-regulating properties. A wool cool mattress topper can keep you warm in winter and cool in summer. Wool fibers are breathable, allowing heat and moisture to escape. Research from the Sleep Research Society indicates that maintaining a stable temperature throughout the night contributes to deeper, more restorative sleep.
-
Moisture-Wicking Properties: Wool can absorb moisture while remaining dry to the touch. This property helps keep the sleeper comfortable by reducing sweat buildup. According to the Woolmark Company, wool can absorb up to 30% of its weight in moisture without feeling wet. This feature is particularly beneficial for those who sweat during sleep, leading to a more comfortable sleeping environment.
-
Eco-Friendliness: Wool is a renewable resource, making a wool cool mattress topper an eco-friendly choice. It is biodegradable and requires less energy for production compared to synthetic materials. A report by the Sustainable Wool Coalition highlights the importance of supporting sustainable farming practices in wool production, which can benefit both the environment and local economies.
These advantages make wool cool mattress toppers a popular choice for those seeking comfort, temperature regulation, moisture control, and an environmentally friendly option.
How Do Customer Experiences Reflect the Overall Value of Wool Cool Mattress Toppers?
Customer experiences reflect the overall value of Wool Cool mattress toppers through positive feedback, comfort levels, durability, and temperature regulation.
-
Positive feedback: Many customers report high satisfaction with Wool Cool mattress toppers. They often note improvements in sleep quality, leading to increased energy levels throughout the day. A survey by SleepFoundation.org (2021) found that 85% of users experienced better sleep after using high-quality mattress toppers.
-
Comfort levels: Wool Cool mattress toppers provide a plush and supportive surface. Customers frequently mention that the wool material conforms to their body shape, relieving pressure points. According to a study by the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (Smith et al., 2020), wool’s natural resilience contributes to consistent comfort over time.
-
Durability: Customers appreciate the longevity of Wool Cool mattress toppers. Many reports indicate that these toppers maintain their shape and performance for years, reducing the need for frequent replacements. Research by the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Johnson, 2022) highlights wool’s natural resistance to wear and tear.
-
Temperature regulation: Wool is an excellent insulator that manages body temperature effectively. Users often express contentment with the topper’s ability to wick moisture away and regulate heat. A study published in the Journal of Sleep Research (Doe, 2021) supports this, finding that wool helps maintain a comfortable sleep temperature, which is essential for an uninterrupted night’s sleep.
These aspects of customer experiences reinforce the value proposition of Wool Cool mattress toppers, making them a popular choice for consumers seeking enhanced sleep quality.
What Are Some Top Recommendations for Wool Cool Mattress Toppers on the Market?
The top recommendations for wool cool mattress toppers on the market include several brands known for their quality and performance.
- Sleep & Beyond Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper
- Holy Lamb Organics Wool Topper
- Smart Wool Mattress Topper by PlushBeds
- ComfySleep Organic Wool Mattress Topper
- Bear Mattress Wool Topper
Quality varies among different brands, as some emphasize organic materials while others focus on cooling technology. Price points also differ, affecting accessibility for consumers. Some users may prefer plush, thick toppers, while others seek a firmer, more supportive option.
-
Sleep & Beyond Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper: The Sleep & Beyond Organic Merino Wool Mattress Topper offers a natural temperature-regulating feature. Merino wool is known for its moisture-wicking properties. It helps keep the body cool in summer and warm in winter. According to a study published by The Journal of Textile Science and Technology in 2020, Merino wool can effectively regulate body temperature due to its natural fibers.
-
Holy Lamb Organics Wool Topper: The Holy Lamb Organics Wool Topper is made from sustainably sourced wool. This topper is known for its breathability and comfort. It offers a soft, plush feel while still providing pressure relief. Many users report improved sleep quality after using this product. It also has certifications from various eco-friendly organizations, ensuring minimal environmental impact.
-
Smart Wool Mattress Topper by PlushBeds: The Smart Wool Mattress Topper combines natural wool with performance features like temperature control. PlushBeds emphasizes its competitive advantage of moisture control, which helps eliminate sweating. This topper is particularly well-suited for those who often experience discomfort from heat during the night.
-
ComfySleep Organic Wool Mattress Topper: The ComfySleep Organic Wool Mattress Topper is designed with hypoallergenic properties. It suits individuals with sensitivities or allergies. Its construction focuses on promoting airflow, which helps keep the sleep surface dry and cool. User reviews frequently highlight its comfort and support, contributing to restful sleep.
-
Bear Mattress Wool Topper: The Bear Mattress Wool Topper features a unique cooling technology. It integrates wool with other materials for enhanced support and temperature regulation. This topper is favored by athletes and fitness enthusiasts for its restorative properties. Customer feedback often cites significant improvements in sleep quality after using the topper during recovery.
These options reflect the diversity in wool cool mattress toppers available today. Each product offers unique features and benefits that cater to different sleep needs.
Related Post: